References from 2022 ACR “Understanding White American Support for Racial Justice Branding”
Racial Justice Branding:
Abad-Santos, Alex (2018), “Nike’s Colin Kaepernick ad sparked a boycott — and earned $6 billion for Nike,” Vox(September 24), https://www.vox.com/2018/9/24/17895704/nike-colin-kaepernick-boycott-6-billion.
CBS Chicago (2020), “Starbucks Creates Own Black Lives Matter Shirt for Employees.” CBS Chicago, 15 June 2020, chicago.cbslocal.com/2020/06/15/starbucks-creates-own-black-lives-matter-shirt-for-employees.
Hibberd, James (2020), “Netflix Adds Black Lives Matter as New Genre after ‘The Help’ Concerns.” EW.com, 10 June 2020, ew.com/tv/netflix-black-lives-matter-genre/.
White, Peter (2020), “English Premier League Soccer to Replace Names on Shirts with Black Lives Matter Message.” Deadline, Deadline, 12 June 2020, deadline.com/2020/06/english-premier-league-soccer-black-lives-matter-1202958311/.
Race as a process not a demographic variable:
Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo (1997), “Rethinking Racism: Toward a Structural Interpretation,” American Sociological Review, 62 (3), 465–80.
Delgado, Richard, and Jean Stefancic (2017), Critical Race Theory: An Introduction, 3rd ed. New York: New York University Press.
Frankenberg, Ruth (1993), White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
White Racial Identity
Kolber, J. (2017), “Having It Both Ways: White Denial of Racial Salience While Claiming Oppression,” Sociology Compass, 11 (2), e12448.
Knowles, Eric D., Brian S. Lowery, Rosalind M. Chow, and Miguel M. Unzueta (2014), “Deny, Distance, or Dismantle? How White Americans Manage a Privileged Identity,” Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9 (6), 594–609.
McIntosh, Peggy (1988), “White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack,” in Race, Class, and Gender in the United States, 6th ed, Paula S. Rothenberg, ed. New York: Worth Publishers, 188–207.
Unzueta, Miguel M., and Brian S. Lowery (2006), “Defining Racism Safely: The Role of Self-Image Maintenance on White Americans’ Conceptions of Racism,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44 (6), 1491–7.
Equity Theory and Fairness
Adams, J. Stacy (1963), “Towards an Understanding of Inequity,” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67 (5), 422–36.
Adams, J. Stacy, and Sara Freedman (1976), “Equity Theory Revisited: Comments and Annotated Bibliography,” in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 9, Leonard Berkowitz and Elaine Walster, eds. New York: Academic Press, 43–90.
Lee, Saerom, Hans Baumgartner, and Karen Page Winterich (2018), “Did They Earn It? Observing Unearned Luxury Consumption Decreases Brand Attitude when Observers Value Fairness.” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 28 (3), 412–36.
Leventhal, Gerald S (1980), “What Should Be Done With Equity Theory?” In Social Exchange, Kenneth J. Gergen, Martin S. Greenberg, Richard H. Willis, eds. Boston: Springer, 27–55.
Rosette, Ashleigh Shelby, and Leigh Thompson (2005), “The Camouflage Effect: Separating Achieved Status and Unearned Privilege in Organizations,” in Status and Group (Research on Managing Teams and Groups), Vol. 7, Melissa C. Thomas-Hunt, ed. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 259–81.
System Justification
Jost, John T., Diana Burgess, and Cristina O. Mosso (2001), “Conflicts of Legitimation among Self, Group, and System: The Integrative Potential of Status Justification Theory,” in The Psychology of Legitimacy: Emerging Perspectives on Ideology, Justice, and Intergroup Relations, John T. Jost and Brenda Major, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 363–90.
Jost, John T., Mahzarin R. Banaji, and Brian A. Nosek (2004), “A Decade of System Justification Theory: Accumulated Evidence of Conscious and Unconscious Bolstering of the Status Quo,” Political Psychology, 25 (6), 881–919.